Main applications of fluorescent dyes
Fluorescent dyes are fluorescent compounds that re-emit light after laser excitation. Fluorophores typically contain several aromatic groups in combination, or planar or cyclic molecules with multiple bonds. PEG spacers increase water solubility, enabling efficient biomarkers in imaging and diagnostic R&D.
Researchers who use fluorescent dyes or fluorescent dyes are able to visualize specific biomolecules through fluorescence microscopy. Often fluorescent dyes bind to target molecules such as antibodies. Fluorescent dyes are used in techniques such as immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry.
Commercially available dyes such as APDye Fluor, BODIPY, cyanines 3, 5, 7, fluorescein, rhodamine, 800cw dyes and pyrene dyes. These dyes are characterized by high water solubility, low nonspecific binding, and high signal-to-noise ratio.
Fluorescent dyes, due to their high sensitivity and convenient operation, have gradually replaced radioisotopes as detection markers, which are widely used in fluorescent immunology, fluorescent probes, and cell staining. Including specific DNA staining, for chromosome analysis, cell cycle, apoptosis and other related research. Many other nucleic acid dyes are useful counterstains in multicolor staining systems as background controls, labeling nuclei so that the spatial relationships of intracellular structures can be seen at a glance.
Immunoassay
Fluorescence-labeled monoclonal antibody technology expands infinite application space for flow cytometry in the study of cell membranes and various functional antigens in cells, tumor gene proteins and other fields. Fluorescent probes can be covalently bound to monoclonal antibodies via protein cross-linkers. The most commonly used dyes for immunofluorescence labeling are fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), phycoerythrin (PE) and Alexa Fluor series dyes.
Nucleic acid amplification testing
Nucleic acid fluorescent dyes stain the nucleus and quantitatively measure the fluorescence intensity emitted by the cell, so that the content of DNA and RNA in the nucleus can be determined, and the cell cycle and cell proliferation can be analyzed. There are a variety of fluorescent dyes that can stain DNA or RNA in cells. Commonly used DNA dyes include propidium iodide (PI), DAPI, Hoechst 33342, etc., and RNA dyes include thiazole orange, acridine orange, etc.