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Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve, which connects the eye to the brain. The optic nerve is responsible for transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain, and when it is damaged, it can cause permanent vision loss. Glaucoma often develops slowly and without any noticeable symptoms, which is why it is often called the “silent thief of sight.”

There are two main types of glaucoma:

open-angle glaucoma and angle-closure glaucoma. Open-angle glaucoma is the most common type and occurs when the drainage canals in the eye become clogged over time, causing pressure to build up in the eye. Angle-closure glaucoma is less common and occurs when the iris (the colored part of the eye) is too close to the drainage canals, blocking the flow of fluid and causing pressure to build up in the eye.

Symptoms of glaucoma can vary depending on the type and severity of the disease. In the early stages, there may be no symptoms at all. As the disease progresses, some people may experience:

• Loss of peripheral (side) vision
• Tunnel vision
• Blurred vision
• Halos around lights
• Eye pain or redness
• Nausea or vomiting

If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to see an eye doctor immediately, as they could indicate a serious eye problem like glaucoma.

The goal of glaucoma treatment is to lower the pressure in the eye and prevent further damage to the optic nerve. Treatment options can include:

• Eye drops: These are the most common form of treatment and work by reducing the amount of fluid in the eye, which lowers eye pressure. It is important to use eye drops as prescribed and to follow up with your eye doctor regularly.
• Oral medications: In some cases, oral medications may be prescribed to lower eye pressure.
• Laser therapy: This is a non-invasive procedure that can be used to open up the drainage canals in the eye and reduce eye pressure.
• Surgery: If other treatments are not effective, surgery may be recommended to create a new drainage channel in the eye or to remove tissue that is blocking the existing channels.

It is important to note that while glaucoma damage cannot be reversed, early detection and treatment can help slow or stop the progression of the disease and preserve vision. Regular eye exams are essential for detecting and monitoring glaucoma, especially if you are at increased risk due to factors like age, family history, or certain medical conditions.